This project facilitated development of sweet and field corn hybrids for organic systems by integrating the spontaneous haploid genome doubling (SHGD) trait, gametophytic cross-incompatibility (GCI), and exotic germplasm (from tropical BS39 lines) into elite inbred lines for Midwest corn production. SHGD allows rapid development of inbreds without the use of NOP-prohibited colchicine, GCI excludes GMO pollen, and exotic lines help reverse the critical loss of corn genetic diversity and enhance the genomic pool from which to select desired traits.

Researchers interviewed 20 organic and conventional corn farmers, most of whom plant multiple varieties to diversify crop genetics and reduce production risks. However, seed industry privatization, seed relabeling (different names for the same cultivar), and lack of transparency on seed genetics thwart farmers’ efforts to make informed cultivar selections. Organic farmers reported difficulties finding high quality organic corn seed or cultivars suited for organic practices, leading to yield reductions.

The project’s farmer-participatory breeding and trialing network evaluated promising hybrids derived from the project’s best inbred lines for performance, weed competitiveness, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency in diverse organic rotations with cover crops and manure for nutrients. Other priority traits included high protein and high methionine (for poultry feed), disease and pest resistance, and seedling vigor. Successful refinement of SHGD and introduction of BS39 and other new genetics have helped the team identify:
• Genetic traits that confer resistance to corn earworm and fall armyworm.
• Inbreds and hybrids with greater trait stability across organic production environments.
• Lodging-resistant lines (facilitated by intense selection during a 100-mph derecho).
• Lines with desired height, flowering time, grain quality, and high methionine.
• Lines with enhanced root system architecture that improve water and nutrient uptake.
• Lines with high antioxidant anthocyanin content in cobs and husks forb nutraceuticals.